Golden rain experiment or golden spangle experiment

It is a spectacular science experiment. When a hot solution of lead iodide cools down, the salt settles in beautiful golden spangle.

Reagents and equipment

• Lead nitrate or any other lead salt (0.3 g)
• Potassium iodide (0.3 g)
• Acetic acid (0.2 ml)
• Distilled water (500 ml)
• Two beakers
• Flask (500 ml)

Procedure

1. Pour lead nitrate solution into a flask.
2. Then add potassium iodide. As a result lead (II) iodide form.
3. Add hot water until the precipitate dissolves.
4. Cool the flask. then lead iodide precipitate forming shining golden crystal.

Process

When the solutions of two salts are mixed, an exchange reaction takes place

Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2KI →PbI₂↓ + 2KNO₃

Lead iodide is insoluble in cold water, but at high temperature its solubility increases. So in hot solution the precipitation cannot observe. When the mixture cool, the solubility of lead iodide decreases, and PbI₂ crystal gradually begin to settle

Fireflies Or Fiery storm

Fireflies is a glamorous experiment .Here chromium (III) oxide scatters red sparks in a flask filled with ammonia.It is the oxidation process of ammonia ,where  hot  chromium (III) oxide act as a catalyst.

Reagents and equipment

1.aqueous solution of ammonia (10 ml)

2.chromium (III) oxide Or ammonium dichromate  (5-10 g)

3.11 liter flask

4.burning spoon or spatula

5.burner

Procedure

1.Pour ammonia into a flask.Carefully rotate flask to fill the air space in the flask with ammonia.

2.Burn a little chromium (III) oxide Or ammonium dichromate in a burning spoon or spatula until it ignites, using a burner. As a result, red sparks will starts to fly in the flask.

Process

It is the oxidation process of ammonia in presence of air. The hot chromium (III) oxide act as a catalyst for this reaction. Ammonia is oxidized into nitric oxide and water by the oxygen in the air .Nitric oxide is then oxidized to nitrogen dioxide, which is a brown gas.

4NH₃+5O2→4NO+6H₂O

2NO+O₂→2NO₂

Energy is released in the reaction which heats the particles of chromium (III) oxide causing them to glow and to fly glamorous red sparks in the flask.

Warning:This experiment should be carried out in a fume hood or well-ventilated room.

Lightning in a flask or Storm in flask

Lightning in a flask is an interesting and spectacular experiment, which resembles a real storm. Concentrated sulfuric acid react with potassium permanganate in presence of isopropyl alcohol to form glamours lightnings with flashes in flask.

Reagents and Equipment.

• Concentrated sulfuric acid (200 ml)
• Isopropyl alcohol (100 ml)
• Potassium permanganate crystals.
• Measuring cylinders or measuring cups.
• A flat-bottomed flask 

Step by Step Procedure 

1. Pour concentrated sulfuric acid into a flask .
2. Then carefully add isopropyl alcohol, so that the acid and alcohol don't mix.
3. Add potassium permanganate crystal after a while flashes will appear on the dividing line between acid and alcohol. 

Process.

Potassium permanganate  react with sulfuric acid to form manganese oxide (VII) . It is a powerful oxidizing agent, which oxidizes isoprophyl alcohol into acetone. Then acetone is ignited by the manganese(VII) oxide, thus producing smoke and glamours small lightnings in the flask. 

Warning: Always wear gloves and safety glasses when working with concentrated acids. Substances of this experiment are toxic and dangerous for your health. It is supposed to be conducted only under professional supervision.   

Funny elephant tooth paste

It is a very easy and funny  science experiment,which results in rapid eruption of huge amount of foam.surely,it is one among the top funny science experiment for kids.

Reagents and equipment

Level:beginner level (for kids)

1. 10% hydrogen peroxide

2. Food coloring  

3. Dish soap

4. Yeast

Level 2:Intermediate level

1. 20% hydrogen peroxide

2. Food coloring

3. Dish soap

4. Saturated potassium iodide

Level:3 Ultimate level

1. 35% hydrogen peroxide  

2. Food coloring

3. Dish soap

4. Saturated potassium iodide

Procedure

1.Take a round bottom flask, add hydrogen peroxide,.food coloring and dish soap.

2.Then add either yeast or saturated potassium iodide solution ,which results in a rapid eruption of huge amount of foam. It resembles tooth past.

Process

Elephant tooth paste is the decomposition process of hydrogen peroxide. Yeast potassium iodide works as a catalyst to break down the hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Soap will then mixed with the oxygen and water,which turn into foam. 

H₂O2→H₂O + O₂

as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases, more foam is emitted.

Sodium flower experiment II Chemical flower

H.ow to grow liquid flowers using sodium and alcohol? This is an impressive experiment shows how to grow a real  chemical garden from "sodium flowers".

Reagents and equipment

1. Phenolphthalein

2. metallic sodium

3. Ethanol

4. Isopropanol

5. Bromothymol blue

6. Glass bowl

7. Beaker

8. Glass rod

Procedure

1.Add isopropanol  and  ethanol  into a beaker and stir the solution well.

2.Pour the phenolphthalien and bromothymol blue indicators into the solution.

3.Pour the resulting indicator mixture into a glass bowl.

4.Add a few pieces of metallic sodium,which is a soft metal can even be cut with a knife. Watch as blue-red patterns that look like flowers that appear on the surface of the solution

Process

The sodium reacts with alcohols with the formation of sodium alkoxides,the solution of which have an alkaline nature.The indicators react to change in acidity,and turn the mixture blue,and crimson. Bromothymol turns blue and  phenolphthalien turns crimson. As isopropanol has a quiet high viscosity,the slow diffusion of the alkali takes place,an interesting effect which causes a flower to appear! The cunvection in the solution causes these beautiful flowers to grow!

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Chemical cut II No chemists were injured ! II Making of artificial blood

Can you make a cut  on your hand without injury? It is possible to make a realistic fake blood using potassium thiocyanate and iron (III) chloride.These two react to form a blood red color
red complex, which looks like blood!

Reagents and equipment

1.Potassium thiocyanate

2.iron (III) chloride

3.Distilled water

4.Two beakers

5.cotton balls

6.Knife
7.Sodium fluoride

Procedure

1.Dissolve potassium  thoicyanate iron(III) chloride and sodium fluoride  in water taken three different beakers.stir well.

2.Soak a plastic knife  with iron (III) chloride solution.

3.Apply a little of potassium thoicyanate on the hand.

4.Carefully, without applying force,run the knife along the hand rubbed with potassium thiocyanate solution. A  red mark will appear on your hand which resembles like a bleeding out !

5.Now rub sodium fluoride on the hand,amazing the blood disappears ! 

Process

In the reaction between potassium thoicyanate and  iron (III) chloride a blood red colored complex,iron  thoicyanate(III). forms. It resembles blood.

Dragon's egg II Thermite egg

Chemistry  turns myth into reality.In this experiment we show how can we make a dragon's egg from two simple mixtures.

Reagents and equipment

• Iron(III) oxide
• Aluminium powder
• Potassium  permanganate
• magnesium strip
• Sand
• Filter paper
• lighter
• Two beakers
• Plastic spoon

Procedure

1. Fro preparing the mixture for the egg mix 20 gm of the iron(III) oxide and 25 gm of aluminium powder well.
2. Then  prepare the incendiary mixture by mixing 5 gm of aluminium powder and 5 gm of potassium permanganate.
3. Take a cup of sand to localize the flame.
4. Take a filter paper and cut a cone from it, place it in the center of sand
5. Carefully pour the mixture for the egg and incendiary mixture into the cone.
6. Use a magnesium strip as a wick. Light the wick!

Process

The mixture immediately ignites and emit sparks. When the reaction ends, the mixture turns into an incandescent egg at 2000^oC.
A powdery mixture of aluminium iron(III) oxide is called thermite. It is ignited by a special incendiary mixture of potassium permanganate and aluminium powder. When it ignites, thermite burns intensely, releasing a huge amount of heat.
The mixture heat up to  2000^oC. During the chemical reaction, aluminium reduces iron(III) oxide to metallic iron, and it self oxidizes to aluminium oxide. At a high temperature aluminium oxide bakes together with sand, forming a glass like shell. It is a method used to obtain pure metals.

Smoky Splash II Smoke without fire

Who said there is no smoke without fire?
We can make a smoky splash with out fire in a flask. It is a insetting experiment. It is supposed to be performed only by professional.

Reagents & Equipment

1. sodium bicarbonate(baking soda).

2. concentrated solution of ammonia.
3. concentrated hydrochloric acid.
4. Round bottom flask

procedure

1.Add solutions of sodium bicarbonate, ammonia and hydrochloric acid into a round bottom flask

2.A stream of smoke bursts out of the flask.

Process

The smoke consist of small crystals of ammonium chloride,which form in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonia. Sodium bicarbonate react with HCl to form CO₂ which in turn pushes the ammonium chloride out of the flask producing the smoke.

Egyptian night at home || Egyptian night experiment do at home

It is one among the most mystical experiment. A transparent solution turns dark after a certain time. Here vitamin C reduces iodine to colorless iodide irons. However hydrogen peroxide oxidizes iodide to iodine again, forming a dark blue complex with starch.

Reagents and equipment

• Medical iodine( 5% iodine solution potassium iodide)
• 3 % Hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂)
• 1% starch solution
• 5% Vitamin C solution(ascorbic acid)
• 9% acetic acid(vinegar)
• Beaker

Process

1. Pour vinegar into a beaker and make an acidic medium.
2. Then add medical iodine, then the solution turns to dark.
3. Add vitamin C solution, then the solution become colorless.
4. And add starch solution into the beaker as indicator.
5. Then add hydrogen peroxide solution. A dark blue iodine-starch complex is formed thus the colorless solution turns to colored.

Chemistry (Process)

Vinegar is added to create an acidic medium. Vitamin C is a strong reducer. It reduces iodine  to colorless iodide irons. Mean while  hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the iodide irons into iodine again, which react with starch to form a dark blue iodine-starch complex. The beaker become darken

Singing test tube || Chemical flute

Can you turn an ordinary test tube into a musical instrument? Here we make a powerful performing chemical flute from a test tube.

Reagents and equipment

1:- Glass tube

2:- Powdered sulfur (5g)

3:- Iron wool

4:- Propane torch

5:- Clamp stand

Procedure 

1. Insert iron wool into a test tube containing powdered sulfur 
2. Sulfur is heated to boil and begins to evaporate then creates sound 

Process

During the evaporation of sulfur waves of hot gas collide with the cold glass of test tube producing sound as from from a flute those it act as a powerful performing chemical flute 

Mean while, sulfur fumes react with iron forming iron(II) sulfide.

  Fe + S → FeS

Invisible Ink with baking soda and vinegar

We can make non-toxic invisible ink using baking soda with in few minutes the advantages of using of backing soda are that it is safe for even kids, simple to use and cheaper

Reagents and Equipment 

1. Baking soda
2. Paper
3. Water
4. Light bulb(heat source)
5. Paint brush
6. Measuring cup
7. Purple grape juice (optional)

Step by step procedure

• Mix equal parts of water and baking soda.
• Use a tooth pick or paint brush to write a message in the white paper using the baking soda solution as ink.
• Allow the ink to dry.
• Ways to read the message 
1. Hold the paper up to a heat source or iron it. The baking soda will cause the writing in the paper to turn brown 
2. Paint over the paper with purple grape juice. As the concentration of grape juice increases visibility of color change increases.

Process

      Writing a message using baking soda solution disrupts the cellulose fibers in the paper, damaging the surface. When heat is applied exposed ends of fibers becomes darken. On applying too much heat, there is a risk of igniting the paper. So it is better to use either the grape juice or a controllable heat source

     The grape juice act as a pH indicator that changes color when it react with the sodium bicarbonate of baking soda which is a base. That acid base reaction.

How to make a chemical volcano

The baking soda and vinegar volcano resembles a real volcanic irruption, which is an example of an acid-base reaction. It is simple and fun for kids science experiment. 

The chemical vinegar  and baking soda produces carbon dioxide gas which forms bubbles in the dish-washing detergent. The chemicals used are non-toxic making this experiment a good choice for scientists of all ages.

Reagents and Equipment

• Flour (3 cups)
• Salt (1 cup)
• Water (1 cup)
• Cooking oil (2 table spoon)
• Empty drink bottle
• Pan or plate
• Food coloring
• Dish-washing detergent
• Baking soda 
• vinegar 

Procedure

1. For preparing the volcano dough, mix 3 cups of flour, 1 cup salt, 1 cup water and 2 table spoon cooking oil. Stir the dough well with your own hands or with a spoon until it becomes smooth if you like add a few drops of food coloring to the dough to make the volcano colored 
2. Fill the empty drink bottle with hot water. Then add dish-washing detergent and baking soda. Also you can add food coloring too. Set the bottle in the center of  a pan. Press the dough around the bottle and shape it to a volcano.
3. Pour some vinegar into the bottle. Then you can see the volcano begins to erupt with the overflow of lava. You can trigger the reaction by adding more baking soda and vinegar.
4. Spills can be clean up with warm soapy water.

Note: Don't try to eat the volcano even though chemicals used are non-toxic

Process

The reaction between baking soda and vinegar is merely an acid-base reaction

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CO2 + H2O + Na+ + CH3COO-

break down it as:

NaHCO3 → Na+ + HCO3-

CH3COOH → H+ + CH3COO-

H+ + HCO2- → H2CO3

H2CO3 → H2O + CO2

CO2 gas is responsible for the fizzing and bubbling during the irruption

Hot Ice from baking soda and vinegar

Have you ever made a hot ice?
Now, we discuss the preparation of a hot ice from baking soda and vinegar. It is a cool and safe experiment we can do at our own home. A salt heater works on the basis of a hot ice. once you press the heater the capsule with fluid heats up and turns solid!

HOT ICE FROM BAKING SODA AND VINEGAR

Reagents and equipment:

• Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) 75 gm
• 9% solution of acetic acid (Vinegar) 500 ml
• water 50 ml
• source-pan
• hot plate
• glass container
• beaker
• spatula

Step by step procedure

Step 1 : Take backing soda in a source-pan

Step 2 : Pour  vinegar to it and stir well. Here baking soda and vinegar combine to form sodium                        acetate
Step 3 : Evaporate the resulting solution and breakup the all lumps
Step 4 : Heat the powder in water bath and add a little of water to it. The sodium acetate solution                      becomes super saturated as it cools.
Step 5 : On touching the solution with finger the sodium acetate crystallizes soon by release of heat

                                                                 Our hot ice is ready!

Process 

Here acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate react to form sodium acetate, which has a amazing ability. It dissolves in its on crystallized water when heated on cooling a super saturated solution forms and is very unstable and crystallizes for a small change. When we touch the solution with a finger it turns to "hot ice" that is the crystal hydrate. For every 100 gm of sodium acetate 66 gm water is required 

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH = CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

  

Make black snake with and without fireworks

A black snake, also refer to as  sugar snake, is a classic food based science experiment. We can do at our own place simply using the house hold chemicals, such as backing soda and sugar mixture and a fuel to ignite the reaction. There are two versions for this experiment that is with or without using fire

1. BLACK SNAKE WITH FIRE.

Reagents and equipment

• Backing soda (10g)
• Sugar 40gm
• Fuel
• Ceramic bowl
• Sand
• lighter fluid or alcohol

Procedure

 Step 1 : Add sand to a ceramic bowl, and soak the sand with a lighter fluid or alcohol.

 Step 2 : Mix the backing soda and sugar together, then it is added to the socked sand surface.

Step 3 : Now, just light it with a long stick match or lighter.

Process

When the backing soda gets hot, it makes carbon-dioxide gas a lack of oxygen in the sugar from the burning creates carbonate and water vapor. The pressure from carbon-dioxide gas pushes carbonate from the burning sugar out, producing the black fire snake, which should continue growing for 20 minutes

Note: Keep some water near by as a safety precaution in case you need to extinguish the fire
            Don't eat the resulting snake and touch it once it has cooled completely. 

2. BLACK SNAKE WITHOUT FIRE

Reagents and equipment

• Sugar
• Concentrated sulfuric acid
• Beaker (50 ml)

Procedure

 Step 1 : Take sugar in 2/3 of a beaker

 Step 2 : Add 10-50 ml concentrated sulfuric acid  

Process

Sulfuric acid as greater dehydrating and oxidizing ability, it causes the breakdown and carbonation of sugar when the mixture gets hot water vapor and carbon dioxide are released . This result to the products of the breakdown of sugar being pushed out of the glass. As soon as they make contact with air the cool and harder 

Rubber Egg Experiment || easy kids science experiment

 This classic rubber egg science experiment is very cool and easy to set up. We can make rubber egg or naked egg by placing egg in vinegar by release of carbon dioxide. It is an interesting kids science experiment we can do at home

Rubber Egg easy home experiment 

Reagents and equipment

• Chicken eggs
• Glasses
• Table vinegar

Procedure

Dip the eggs in vinegar taken in the glasses leave them the for at least six hours, until the shells dissolve completely. The dissolving time changes with the thickness of the egg shell. 

Processes

Egg shell is made up of calcium carbonate, which easily dissolve in vinegar(diluted acetic acid). Here calcium carbonate react with acetic acid to form calcium acetate and CO2 is released.

CaCo3+2CH3COOH → Ca(CH3COO)2+CO2

Dancing sodium || We can make sodium jump in a mixture of water and kerosene added with a suitable indicator

Alkaline metals react vigorously with water. We can make sodium jump in a mixture of water and kerosene added with a suitable indicator 

Reagents

• Water (60 ml)
• Kerosene (40 ml)
• 1% solution of thymolphthalein
• Metallic sodium
• Phenolphthalein

Procedure

Step 1 : Pour 30 ml of water into two measuring cylinder 

Step 2: Add a few drops of the solutions of the thymolphthalien and phenolphthalein indicators to the water  

Step 3: Pour 20 ml of Kerosene into each measuring cylinder. Two layers form of liquids that do not  mix

Step 4: Cut a peace of metallic sodium and add it to each vessel.

Process

       The sodium is only slightly heavier than the water so that when the sodium just starts to sink, the gas bubbles of H2 are instantaneous when it hits the water that the gas bubble surround the sodium and keep it lighter than water so the sodium never sinks. 

Chemistry

2Na + 2H2O → 2 NaOH + H2

The sodium metal is such a super reducer it breaks water down into hydrogen gas and -OH ions. The -OH ions of the water mach up with Na + Ions when the sodium metals gives up an electron to the water
This reaction  is so exothermic that when the water dis associates into hydrogen gas expand rapidly where the sodium contact the water this rapid expansion is just like compressed air under neath the sodium and between the water that this expanding gas pushes the sodium metal into the air. Sometimes the hydrogen gs mixes with the air and explodes if the gasses get hot enough .